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All shades of the representative Actions Directive on protection of the Collective Interest of Consumers authored
I am pleased to share my article published in ThoughtLeaders4 Competition Magazine (Issue 11, November 2025). It examines how EU Member States have transposed the Representative Actions Directive (EU) 2020/1828, revealing a landscape of minimum harmonisation and significant procedural divergence. The article highlights key implications for collective redress and cross-border representative actions across the EU.

Maria José Azar-Baud
Dec 11, 2025


EC-REACT platform
10 Juin 2025 On June 10, the European Commission presented the EC-REACT platform to Qualified entities and, within the context of the...

Maria José Azar-Baud
Jun 10, 2025
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