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ALL SHADES OF THE REPRESENTATIVE ACTIONS DIRECTIVE ON PROTECTION OF THE COLLECTIVE INTEREST OF CONSUMERS Authored
I am pleased to share my article published in ThoughtLeaders4 Competition Magazine (Issue 11, November 2025). It examines how EU Member States have transposed the Representative Actions Directive (EU) 2020/1828, revealing a landscape of minimum harmonisation and significant procedural divergence. The article highlights key implications for collective redress and cross-border representative actions across the EU.

Maria José Azar-Baud
Dec 11, 2025


Towards a Rational Treatment of Serial Litigation
I am pleased to contribute to the presentation of the Cercle des Juristes’ report on the rational treatment of serial litigation. This collective work highlights the shortcomings of existing group actions and puts forward concrete proposals for building a more effective procedural framework.

Maria José Azar-Baud
Dec 10, 2025
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